初中英語語法必備大全：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和過去進(jìn)行時(典型例題分析)

　　I am watching TV now.

　　我正在看電視。

　　句型：主語+be(am，is，are)+現(xiàn)在分詞～.

　　Look!Nancy is doing her homework

　　看!南希正在做作業(yè)。

　　They are cleaning their classroom.

　　他們正在打掃他們的教室。

　　She isn't reading now.

　　過去進(jìn)行時

　　He was walking in the park at that time yesterday

　　昨天那個時候，他正在公園散步。

　　句型：主語+be(was，were)+現(xiàn)在分詞～.

　　I was watching TV then.

　　那時，我正在看電視。

　　When I came home， they were cooking in the kitchen.

　　當(dāng)我進(jìn)家時，他們正在廚房里做飯。

　　When he knocked at the door， we weren't doing our homework.

　　當(dāng)他敲門時，我們沒有在寫作業(yè)。

　　Were you cooking at that time?

　　那時，你在做飯嗎?

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法： 其結(jié)構(gòu)是助動詞be的過去形式is/are/am +v-ing.

　　其句式變化仍然要在be上做文章。

　　現(xiàn)在(說話的瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)“此時此刻”。E.g. He is reading . They are talking now.

　　2、當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。E.g. They are working these days.

　　3、某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表預(yù)定的計劃或即將發(fā)生的動作。E.g I am coming.

　　其結(jié)構(gòu)為be+現(xiàn)在分詞. 現(xiàn)在分詞的變法有

　　1、一般在動詞詞尾加上-ing ,E.g. jump

　　2、以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，先去e，再加-ing. E.g have write

　　3、.以重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞，它前面是單個元音字母時要先將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫，再加上-ing. E.g. sit put

　　其句式變換都在be上做文章。

　　E.g. He is buying a bike.

　　Is he buying a bike?

　　He isn’t buying a bike.

　　一般由look,listen,now, at this moment等時間狀語做標(biāo)志。

　　4. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進(jìn)行。

　　Mr. Green is writing another novel.

　　(說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)

　　She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.

　　5. 表示漸變的動詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。

　　The leaves are turning red.

　　It's getting warmer and warmer.

　　6.與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。

　　You are always changing your mind.

　　典型例題

　　My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.

　　A. has lost, don't find　　 B. is missing, don't find　C. has lost, haven't found　 D. is missing, haven't found.

　　答案D. 前句是一個仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時，由于沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，應(yīng)用完成時，瞬間動詞用于否定式時可用于完成時。

　　不用進(jìn)行時的動詞

　　1) 事實狀態(tài)的動詞

　　have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue

　　I have two brothers.

　　This house belongs to my sister.

　　2) 心理狀態(tài)的動詞

　　Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate

　　I need your help.

　　He loves her very much.

　　3 ) 瞬間動詞

　　accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.

　　I accept your advice.

　　4) 系動詞

　　seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn

　　You seem a little tired.

　　(一) 、單選

　　1、 Look! He _____their mother do the housework.

　　A. is helping B. are help C. is help D.is helpping

　　2 、_____are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.

　　A .Who B .How C.What D.Where

　　3、 Don’t talk here. My mother _____.

　　A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep

　　4 、Danny ______. Don’t call him.

　　A. is writeing B .is writing C.writing D .writes

　　5 、–When_____he_____back?

　　– Sorry, I don’t know.

　　A. does,come B.are coming C.is come D.is coming

　　答案：A C A B D

　　(二)、填空

　　1、 It’s ten o’clock. My mother _____(lie)in bed.

　　2、 What____he _____(mend)?

　　3、 We _____(play)games now.

　　4、 What ____you____(do) these days?

　　5、 ____he ___(clean) the classroom?

　　6、 Who____(sing)in the next room?

　　7 、The girl____(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She ____(wear)a red sweater today.

　　答案：1 is lying 2 is mending 3 are playing 4 are doing

　　5 Is cleaning 6 is singing 7 likes ; is wearing

　　一、把動詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞形式易出錯

　　例：1、They are swiming.(swim)

　　2 、Jenny is plaiing(play)football.

　　答案：1.swimming 2 .playing

　　解析：動詞變現(xiàn)在分詞可有如下口訣:“一添一去y不變”. “一添”指雙寫規(guī)則;“一去”指去掉不發(fā)音字母e規(guī)則;“y不變”指要與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)區(qū)分開。

　　二、丟掉be動詞或忘記把動詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞

　　例：1、 Look,two children flying.(fly) a kite in the park.

　　2 、Li Mingisn’t read ( not read) a book in bed now.

　　答案：1 are flying 2 isn’t reading

　　解析:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時肯定句的結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律為: “be+現(xiàn)在分詞,缺一不可”。這一點必須牢記。

　　三、對動詞或動詞詞組提問時丟掉doing

　　例：1 、The students are singing in the room.(對劃線部分提問)

　　What are the students in the room?

　　答案：What are the students doing in the room?

　　解析:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)中對動作提問可記住此句式“What +be +主語+doing+其它?”

　　或簡寫為“What......doing......”?句式。

　　四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)的選擇疑問句中易忽視or后用現(xiàn)在分詞形式

　　例：孩子們在跑還是在跳?

　　Are the children running or jump?

　　答案：Are the children running or jumping?

　　解析: or連接的是兩個并列成分，動詞形式須一致。

　　過去進(jìn)行時

　　其結(jié)構(gòu)是助動詞be的過去形式was/were +v-ing.

　　其句式變化仍然要在be上做文章。E.g. We were working in class.

　　We weren’t working in class. Were you working in class?

　　1) 概念：表示過去某時正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動作。

　　E.g. They were playing football at ten o’clock yesterday morning.

　　My mother was cooking when I got home.

　　I was washing my clothes at this time yesterday.

　　2) 過去某階段持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動作 What were you doing during the holiday? 另外，在復(fù)合句中，若主要動作和背景動作是同時發(fā)生的，那么主從句都可用過去進(jìn)行時e.g. Jenny was reading while Danny was writing.

　　3) 常用的時間狀語

　　過去進(jìn)行時常與過去某一特定時間的狀語連用，如 last night, at that time, at noon yesterday, last Sunday 等。 也有時沒有時間狀語，要通過上下文的暗示來確定用過去進(jìn)行時。E.g. The students all worked hard. Everyone knew what he was working for.

　　My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.

　　It was raining when they left the station.

　　When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.

　　典型例題

　　1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.

　　A. made　 B. is making　 C. was making　 D. makes

　　答案C. 割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過去時。同　時，when表時間的同時性，"瑪麗在做衣服時"提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去進(jìn)行時。

　　2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.

　　read; was falling　B. was reading; fell　C. was reading; was falling　D. read;fell

　　答案B.句中的as = when, while，意為"當(dāng)……之時"。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時，用過去進(jìn)行;一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生。句意為 "在她看報紙時，奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell (fall的過去時)，是系動詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。

　　做題時常見錯誤如下：

　　一、易把be+現(xiàn)在分詞記成be+過去分詞

　　例：He was talked (talk) to his mum at that time.

　　答案：was talking

　　解析：過去進(jìn)行時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時結(jié)構(gòu)上的區(qū)別體現(xiàn)在be動詞上。

　　二、丟掉be動詞或忘記把動詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞

　　例：1 I watching (watch) TV when he came in.

　　2 They were play (play) games at 5:00 p.m. yesterday.

　　答案：1 was watching 2 were playing

　　解析：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時中“be+現(xiàn)在分詞,缺一不可”的規(guī)律也可應(yīng)用于過去進(jìn)行時。

　　三、對動詞或動詞詞組提問時丟掉doing

　　例：We were flying kites at 5:00 p.m. yesterday. (對劃線部分提問)

　　What were you at 5:00 p.m. yesterday?

　　答案：What were you doing at 5:00 p.m. yesterday?

　　解析：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時中“What……doing……”?句式同樣適用于過去進(jìn)行時。

　　四、易與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時弄混

　　例：My mother is cooking (cook)when I got home.

　　答案：was cooking

　　解析：這兩種時態(tài)的共同點是都表示動作正在進(jìn)行，但現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時前提是現(xiàn)在，而過去進(jìn)行時前提是過去，由when I got home可看出前提是過去。

　　五、易與一般過去時弄混

　　例：昨晚我在讀一本故事書。

　　I read (read) a story book yesterday evening.

　　答案：was reading

　　解析：這兩種時態(tài)的共同點是都用于表示過去發(fā)生的動作。但過去進(jìn)行時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行，而一般過去時則表示過去某一時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，它表示的動作往往已經(jīng)完成。“在”說明正在進(jìn)行，而“I read a story book yesterday evening.”的意思是昨晚我讀了一本故事書，言下之意已經(jīng)讀完了。故用過去進(jìn)行時。

　　另外，在賓語從句中當(dāng)主句為過去時，從句若是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，需變成過去進(jìn)行時。

　　e.g. He said that he was drawing a cat at noon yesterday.